Fractions
- Dividend
- The number to be divided
- Divisor
- The number to divide the dividend by
- Ratio
- A relation indicating how many times one number contains another number. (eg. "The ratio of Mass to Velocity is Force" is the same as "Force is how much velocity a certain mass contains")
- Represents an inverse relationship, where an increase in one term is a decrease in another term, vice versa.
- Factor
- the set of numbers which when multiplied together, forms another number.
- Prime Number
- A prime is a number whose factors are only 1 and itself.
- Composite Number
- A number whose factors are composed of prime numbers, 1 and itself.
- Any number which is not a prime number, except 1.
- Greatest Common Denominator, GCD
- the largest positive integer that divides two given integers.
- Least Common Multiple, LCM
- the smallest positive integer that is divisible by two given integers.
For two (positive) integers N and M, the properties of their greatest common divisor gcd() and the least common multiple lcm() come in pairs; the phenomenon is partly explained by the formula gcd(M, N) × lcm(M, N) = M × N. ~