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CGNAT

Network Address Translation

In simple terms, NAT means using the same public IP address instead of giving each device their own IP addresses. Requests to a device behind a NAT are routed through their public IP address and then switched to their IP address within their LAN or WAN. Useful for not having to reconfigure every workstation in your office, for example, when you switch internet providers.

Carrier Grade NAT

Due to the massive rollout of internet services across the world as well as the hoarding of IP addresses by several large organizations, the address space of IPv4 has been exhausted. This has forced internet service providers to have to resort to NAT'ing entire service areas, making several subscribers use the same public IP address. Now, for most folks, that's perfectly fine, as this would allow them to use the mainstream internet just fine for watching videos, social media, etc.

For those who want to do a bit more DIY Tech involving running servers on their own home internet line, this is an endless source of frustration. Not having your own public IP address prevents potential visitors to your website or users of your mail/shell/etc services on your machine from accessing your servers. While Hanlon's Razor tells us that this is much more likely to be the result of market forces incentivizing large tech companies to hoard IP addresses to rent out to businesses, and for ISP's to take all necessary steps to maximize their subscriber base, it's just pretty telling how this pushes the end-user to more and more take on the role of consumer. Labels for the trees benefit only the woodcutter.

Some links about getting past CGNAT